Síndrome de Down e nutrição: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura: Síndrome de Down e nutrição: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Gabriela Pacheco Ferreira; Priscila Berti Zanella

doi:10.33362/ries.v14i1.2609

Autores

Gabriela Pacheco Ferreira Instituto de Pesquisa e Gestão em Saúde - iPGS https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1633-2590
Priscila Berti Zanella Centro Universitário da Serra Gaúcha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7748-9460

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33362/ries.v14i1.2609

Palavras-chave:

Avaliação nutricional, Composição corporal, Consumo alimentar, Crescimento e desenvolvimento, Suplementos nutricionais

Resumo

Introdução: Indivíduos com Síndrome de Down (SD) costumam apresentar baixo peso e menor estatura. Ao final da infância e durante a adolescência, eles costumam apresentar um perfil nutricional de sobrepeso e obesidade. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil nutricional, consumo alimentar e a suplementação de indivíduos com SD do nascimento até os 18 anos. Material e Métodos: Tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com busca nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO. Foram incluídos os estudos publicados entre 2010 e 2024, que apresentassem dados referentes aos antropométricos e/ou composição corporal, consumo alimentar e suplementação. Resultados: As crianças com SD apresentam menor estatura e maior excesso de peso quando comparadas com crianças sem SD. A classificação destes indivíduos como eutróficos, sobrepesos ou obesos dependeu do tipo de referência utilizada. Os indivíduos com SD parecem apresentar ingestão inadequada de cálcio, potássio, vitaminas A, do complexo B e D. A suplementação de vitamina E parece diminuir os níveis de estresse oxidativo nestes indivíduos. Conclusão: A literatura traz dados bem distintos quanto à composição corporal de indivíduos com SD, mostrando que o ambiente no qual esses indivíduos vivem pode influenciar diretamente nesse aspecto. O consumo alimentar destes pacientes é muito variado e várias carências de micronutrientes foram constatadas. Os estudos relacionados à suplementação nutricional em indivíduos com SD ainda são pouco explorados em comparação aos outros temas abordados nessa revisão integrativa, havendo necessidade de realizar mais pesquisas nessa área.

Palavras-chave: Avaliação Nutricional. Composição Corporal. Consumo Alimentar. Crescimento e Desenvolvimento. Suplementos Nutricionais.

Abstract

Introduction: Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) are often underweight and short. In late childhood and during adolescence, they often have a nutritional profile of overweight and obesity. Objective: To analyze the nutritional profile, food consumption, and supplementation of individuals with DS from birth to 18 years. Material and Methods: This was an integrative literature review, searching the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. Studies published between 2010 and 2024 that presented data regarding anthropometrics and/or body composition, food consumption, and supplementation were included. Results: Children with DS are shorter and more overweight than children without DS. The classification of these individuals as eutrophic, overweight, or obese depended on the type of reference used. The classification of these individuals as eutrophy, overweight or obesity depended on the type of reference used. Individuals with DS appear to have an inadequate intake of calcium, potassium, vitamins A, B complex, and D. Vitamin E supplementation appears to decrease oxidative stress levels in these individuals. Conclusion: The literature presents very different data regarding the body composition of individuals with DS, showing that the environment in which these individuals live can directly influence this aspect. The food consumption of these patients is very varied, and several micronutrient deficiencies were found. Studies related to nutritional supplementation in individuals with DS are still little explored compared to other topics covered in this integrative review, and there is a need to carry out more research in this area.

Keywords: Nutritional Assessment. Body Composition. Food Consumption. Growth and Development. Dietary Supplements.

Resumen

Introducción: Los individuos con Síndrome de Down (SD) suelen presentar bajo peso y menor estatura. Al finalizar la infancia y durante la adolescencia, tienden a mostrar un perfil nutricional caracterizado por sobrepeso y obesidad. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil nutricional, el consumo alimentario y la suplementación de individuos con SD desde el nacimiento hasta los 18 años. Material y métodos: Se trató de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y SciELO. Se incluyeron estudios publicados entre 2010 y 2024 que presentaran datos relacionados con parámetros antropométricos y/o composición corporal, consumo alimentario y suplementación. Resultados: Los niños con SD presentan menor estatura y mayor exceso de peso en comparación con niños sin SD. La clasificación de estos individuos como eutróficos, con sobrepeso o obesidad dependió del tipo de referencia utilizada. Los individuos con SD parecen presentar una ingesta inadecuada de calcio, potasio, vitaminas A, del complejo B y D. La suplementación con vitamina E parece reducir los niveles de estrés oxidativo en estos individuos. Conclusión: La literatura presenta datos muy diversos en cuanto a la composición corporal de individuos con SD, lo que demuestra que el entorno en el que viven puede influir directamente en este aspecto. El consumo alimentario de estos pacientes es muy variado y se han identificado múltiples deficiencias de micronutrientes. Los estudios relacionados con la suplementación nutricional en individuos con SD aún son escasos en comparación con los otros temas abordados en esta revisión integrativa, lo que evidencia la necesidad de realizar más investigaciones en esta área.

Palabras clave: Evaluación Nutricional. Composición Corporal. Consumo Alimentario. Crecimiento y Desarrollo. Suplementos Nutricionales.

Biografia do Autor

Gabriela Pacheco Ferreira, Instituto de Pesquisa e Gestão em Saúde - iPGS

Departamento de Nutrição Clínica - Pediatria.

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Síndrome de Down e nutrição: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura